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John Adams Kuakini Cummins (1835–1913) was a member of the nobility of the Kingdom of Hawaii who became a wealthy businessman, and was involved in politics as the kingdom was overthrown. ==Life== John Adams Kuakini Cummins was born March 17, 1835 in Honolulu. He was a namesake of island governor John Adams Kuakini (1789–1844), who in turn took the name of John Quincy Adams when Americans first settled on the islands in the 1820s. His father was Thomas Jefferson Cummins (1802–1885) who was born in Lincoln, England, raised in Massachusetts, and came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1828. His mother was High Chiefess Kaumakaokane Papaliaiaina (1810–1849) who was a distant relative of the royal family of Hawaii. As the custom of native Hawaiians, he was raised as an alii nui because of his mother's family background. His father owned much of land in Waimānalo on the east coast of the island of Oahu, starting a horse and cattle ranch in the 1840s. He managed the ranch and converted it to a sugar plantation starting in 1877, and built a mill in 1881.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work= community web site )〕 He married Rebecca Kahalewai (1830–1902) in 1861, also considered a high chiefess, and had five children with her, four daughters and one son. Their son Thomas Pualii Cummins (1869–1928) was sent to Saint Matthews School in California in 1885 along with three Hawaiian princes. Daughters were Matilda Kaumakaokane Cummins Walker (1862–1937), Jane Piikea Cummins Merseberg (1864–1918), May Kaaolani Cummins Clark (1874–1935) and one who died young. He might have had another child with one or two "secondary wives".〔 After his first wife's death, in 1903 he married Elizabeth Kapeka Merseberg (1877–1925), who was a sister of a son-in-law, and adopted a son. Cummins owned several houses in town, but enjoyed entertaining on his Waimānalo estate in a house known as ''Mauna Loke'' (Rose Mont). His guests included royalty starting with Kamehameha V as well as foreign visitors. This included German Princes and the Duke of Edinburgh in 1869. He traded racehorses with Leland Stanford and Pierre Lorillard IV, and operated a railroad and a steamship to the estate.〔 Chants passed down describe the elaborate birthday celebration held in 1883 for Queen Kapiolani. This reputation earned him the name "Prince of Entertainers".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Adams Cummins」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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